Cell phone radiation: long-term health effects.

                            Uncertainties still exist about the safety of cell phone use and the level of cell phonedrivenradiation. The purpose of the current inquiry was to determine the long-term health impacts of cell phone-driven radiation via the use of cell phones. In this crosssectional study, which was based on socio-ecological theory, secondary data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to assess the difference in the prevalence of thyroid cancer, mouth/tongue/lip cancer, and heart disease between exposed and non-exposed/less exposed groups in the United States. Logistic regression was used to address three research questions. Findings showed that cell phone use was associated with cancer outcome. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between individuals who were heavy users or sometimes users of cell phones and thyroid or mouth/tongue/lip cancer when compared to individuals who rarely or do not use cell phones. There was a relationship between heavy/sometimes users and heart disease when compared to individuals who rarely/do not use cell phones. Yet, when all
the confounders/covariates were included in the model, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups compared. Even when all the covariates were accounted for, age and sex were added in the model for thyroid cancer for both phone use 1 and 2. Findings reiterate the need for more rigorous attention to industrial quality control measures for cell phone use and also highlight the need for social awareness of the possible health implications of such use. Using study findings, policy makers may wish to explore the implementation of comprehensive regulatory measures to address cell phone safety.